BGS (British Geological Survey): Eskdalemuir Magnetic Observatory Yearbooks and Historical Articles,
http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/data/yearbooks/esk.html, last access: 20 March 2024.
Blackwell, M.: Eskdalemuir Observatory – the first fifty years, Meteorol. Mag., 87, 129–132, 1958.
Booth, D.: One hundred years at Eskdalemuir, Planet Earth, 32,
https://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/documents/eskdalemuir_100years.pdf (last access: 24 November 2023), 2004.
Boys, C.V.: Obituary – G.W. Walker, Nature, 108, 188, https://doi.org/10.1038/108188a0, 1921.
Brewer, A. W.: An electrometer valve voltmeter of wide range, J. Sci. Instrum., 30, 91–92, https://doi.org/10.1088/0950-7671/30/3/308, 1953.
Chree, C.: Observations on atmospheric electricity at the Kew Observatory, P. Roy. Soc. London, 60, 359–367, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1896.0021, 1897.
Chree, C.: A discussion of atmospheric electric potential results at Kew from selected days during the seven years 1898 to 1904, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lond., 206, 402–412, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1906.0020, 1906.
Chree, C.: Atmospheric electricity II – A comparison of the years 1914, 1915, 1916 at Kew (Richmond) and Eskdalemuir Observatories, British Meteorological and Magnetic Year Book, 4, 85–86, 1916.
Crabtree, J.: The travel and diffusion of the radioactive material emitted during the Windscale accident, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 85, 362–370, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708536605, 1959.
Crozier, W. D.: Measuring atmospheric potential with passive antennas, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 5173–5179, https://doi.org/10.1029/jz068i018p05173, 1963.
Dawson, I. K.: Eskdalemuir Observatory, Weather, 60, 66–69, https://doi.org/10.1256/wea.218.03, 2005.
Dobson, G. M. B.: A comparison of the electrical conditions of the atmosphere at Kew and Eskdalemuir, with notes on observations of atmospheric electricity made in other countries, in: Geophysical Memoirs, vol. 7, HMSO, London, 155–169,
https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_b00b163b-3ff7-4749-82fa-8dd8cad911e3/ (last access: 20 March 2024), 1914.
Ebert, H.: Aspirationsapparat zur Bestimmung des ionen gehaltes der Atmosphäre, Physik Zeitschrift, 2, 662–664, 1901.
Ebisuzaki, W.: A method to estimate the statistical significance of a correlation when the data are serially correlated, J. Climate, 10, 2147–2153, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2147:AMTETS>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Everett, J.: Results of observations of atmospheric electricity at Kew Observatory, and at King's College
, Windsor, Nova Scotia, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lond., 158, 347–361, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1868.0012, 1868.
Galton, F. J.: Report of the Kew Observatory Committee for the year ending December 31, 1899, P. R. Soc. London, 66, 424–433, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1899.0115, 1900.
Harrison, G.: Atmospheric electricity at Durham, Weather, 73, 82–83, https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.3197, 2018.
Harrison, G. and Bennett, A.: Electricity measurements, in: Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements, edited by: Foken, T., Springer Nature, Switzerland, 431–456, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4_14, 2022.
Harrison, R. G.: Long-term measurements of the global atmospheric electric circuit at Eskdalemuir, Scotland, 1911–1981, Atmos. Res., 70, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2003.09.007, 2004.
Harrison, R. G.: Electrical properties of surface atmospheric air at Eskdalemuir, 1909–1911, Atmos. Res., 84, 182–188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.08.001, 2007.
Harrison, R. G.: Eskdalemuir ion measurements 1909–1916, University of Reading [data set], https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.000523, 2023.
Harrison, R. G. and Nicoll, K. A.: Fair weather criteria for atmospheric electricity measurements, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys, 179, 239–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2018.07.008, 2018.
Harrison, R. G. and Riddick, J. C.: Atmospheric electricity observations at Lerwick Geophysical Observatory, Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 133–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-133-2022, 2022.
Harrison, R. G., Joshi, M., and Pascoe, K.: Inferring convective responses to El Niño with atmospheric electricity measurements at Shetland, Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 044028, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044028, 2011.
Harrison, R. G., Nicoll, K. A., Joshi, M., and Hawkins, E.: Empirical evidence for multidecadal scale global atmospheric electric circuit modulation by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 124048, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca68c, 2022.
Hatakeyama, H.: On Benndorf's Self-recording Electrometer, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 12, 501–510, 1934.
Hõrrak, U., Salm, J., and Tammet, H.: Statistical characterization of air ion mobility spectra at Tahkuse Observatory: Classification of air ions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 9291–9302, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901197, 2000.
Jackson, D., Zimmerman, C. H., and Gray, J.: Discharges of krypton from Sellafield, 1951-1997, and the resultant doses to members of the public, J. Radiol. Prot., 18, 111–118, https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/18/2/006, 1998.
Kamogawa, M., Suzuki, T., Minamoto, Y., Nagao, T., Kodama, T., Fujiwara, H., and Kudo, T.: Continued atmospheric electric field measurements following cessation of the long-term water dropper potential equalizer at Kakioka, Japan, Geosci. Data J., 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.224, online first, 2023.
Lynch, P.: The Emergence of Numerical Weather Prediction: Richardson's Dream, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN-10 0521857295, 2006.
Macdonald, L. T.: Kew Observatory and the Evolution of Victorian Science, 1840–1910, University of Pittsburgh Press, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fxmdj, 2018.
Nagamachi, S., Arita, S., and Hirota, E.: Historical data of atmospheric electric field observations in Japan, Geosci. Data J., 10, 45–62, https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.143, 2023.
Pierce, E. T.: Some topics in atmospheric electricity, in: Recent Advances in Atmospheric Electricity, Proceedings of the Second Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 20–23 May 1958, Pergamon Press, 5–16, 1958.
Pierce, E. T.: Radioactive fallout and secular effects in atmospheric electricity, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 482–487, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc077i003p00482, 1972.
Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V., Rowell, D. P., Kent, E. C., and Kaplan, A.: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002670, 2003 (data available at:
https://climexp.knmi.nl/selectindex.cgi, last access: 20 March 2024).
Richardson, L. F.: Notes on the electrograph at Eskdalemuir for 1913 and 1914, British Meteorological and Magnetic Year Book, 79–80, 1914.
Slyunyaev, N. N., Ilin, N. V., Mareev, E. A., and Price, C. G.: A new link between El Nino – Southern Oscillation and atmospheric electricity, Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 044025, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe908, 2021.
Stewart, N. G., Crooks, R. N., and Fisher, E. M. R.: Measurements of the radioactivity of the cloud from the accident at Windscale Works (Sellafield, England) in October 1957: Data submitted to the International Geophysical Year (IGY; July 1957-December 1958), J. Radiol. Prot., 40, 633, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ab70cc, 2020.
Sulo, J., Lampilahti, J., Chen, X., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., and Lehtipalo, K.: Measurement report: Increasing trend of atmospheric ion concentrations in the boreal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15223–15242, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15223-2022, 2022.
Walker, G.: Notes on the Electrograph at Eskdalemuir, in: British Meteorological and Magnetic Yearbook, 84–85,
https://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/data/yearbooks/YBpdf/YB_ESKKEW_1911b.pdf (last access: 20 March 2024), 1911.
Walker, G. W.: Eskdalemuir Observatory. Introduction to the summaries of results of the observatory for the year 1910, in: Summaries of results of geophysical and meteorological observations in the year ended 31st December 1910, W. F. Parott, Teddington, 40–42,
https://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/data/yearbooks/YBpdf/YB_ESKFALKEW_1910.pdf (last access: 20 March 2024), 1910.
Walker, M.: History of the Meteorological Office, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139020831, 2011.
