Recent  

This paper describes the details of the Japan's participation in the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association as the 7th associate country approved in 1995, emphasizing strong collaboration with Norwegian scientists and the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association towards the realization of the Svalbard second antenna. Also described is a brief summary of Japanese EISCAT-related scientific achievement, comprehensive scientific collaborations so far between Japan and Europe, and hopes for EISCAT_3D.

Historical observations are important, even for modern science (such as space research). The Clementinum in Prague was one of the first observatories where systematic measurements of the geomagnetic field commenced. We focus on the beginning of these Prague measurements, which were introduced by Karl Kreil in 1839. We describe archived data from that time, some details about the main instrument for observing magnetic storms and the first magnetic mapping in Bohemia.

Due to anthropogenic disturbances on the Potsdam Magnetic Observatory, a sub-observatory was installed in 1907 in the village of Seddin. Only variometer recordings were performed there. The launch of the DC-powered service of the Berlin suburban railway in 1928 influenced the observations in Potsdam and Seddin. The absolute measurements were moved to Seddin, and a new observatory was planned in Niemegk. Seddin Observatory closed in 1932.