As China's first scientific institution, Geological Survey of China created many firsts in Chinese geological education, research, and exploration. Unfortunately, following the murder of the geologist Chao by bandits in Yunnan in 1929, in 1944, three more geologists were killed in Guizhou, bordering Yunnan. Among the three were Ms. Ma, the only female geologist in China at the time, and Mr. Hsu and Chen. They were killed on the same day, at the ages of 25, 36, and 28 respectively.

This study examines how Cevat Eyüp Taşman, Turkey's pioneering petroleum geologist. Archival research reveals his multifaceted role: architect of systematic oil exploration, leader of the first major discovery, contributor to modern petroleum laws, and public educator. His legacy provides a model of the state-employed expert who transforms specialized knowledge into national strength, offering insights into building technical sovereignty.