History of Geo- and Space Sciences
History of Geo- and Space Sciences
History of Geo- and Space Sciences
Articles | Volume 13, issue 2
Articles | Volume 13, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-171-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-171-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 13, issue 2
Article
 | 
22 Sep 2022
Article |  | 22 Sep 2022

HMS Challenger and SMS Gazelle – their 19th century voyages compared

W. John Gould

Viewed

Total article views: 9,267 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total Supplement BibTeX EndNote
6,256 2,890 121 9,267 630 127 190
  • HTML: 6,256
  • PDF: 2,890
  • XML: 121
  • Total: 9,267
  • Supplement: 630
  • BibTeX: 127
  • EndNote: 190
Views and downloads (calculated since 17 Jun 2022)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 17 Jun 2022)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 9,267 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 8,843 with geography defined and 424 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Cited

Saved (final revised paper)

Discussed (final revised paper)

Latest update: 10 Aug 2026
Download
Short summary
The paper compares the historical context, organization, personnel, conduct, and scientific innovation of the voyages of HMS Challenger (1872–6) and SMS Gazelle (1874–6). Though the expeditions were in many regards similar, the Challenger expedition became famous and is regarded as marking the start of global marine science, while the Gazelle voyage remains almost unknown. Why? A surprising factor may be what we now know as "health and safety" issues.
Read more
Share