Ball lightning: a Renaissance account from Zafra (Spain)

Vaquero, José M.

doi:10.5194/hgss-8-53-2017

Articles | Volume 8, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-8-53-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-8-53-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 8, issue 1

Note

|

12 Jun 2017

Note |

| 12 Jun 2017

Ball lightning: a Renaissance account from Zafra (Spain)

José M. Vaquero

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Jun 2017	134	35	8	177
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Oct 2017	34	11	1	46
Nov 2017	49	17	3	69
Dec 2017	40	12	1	53
Jan 2018	14	14	2	30
Feb 2018	22	10	4	36
Mar 2018	4	8	0	12
Apr 2018	7	7	1	15
May 2018	9	14	1	24
Jun 2018	8	17	0	25
Jul 2018	8	8	0	16
Aug 2018	10	8	0	18
Sep 2018	13	8	0	21
Oct 2018	9	12	0	21
Nov 2018	15	11	0	26
Dec 2018	13	12	2	27
Jan 2019	12	8	0	20
Feb 2019	13	5	1	19
Mar 2019	8	9	2	19
Apr 2019	8	9	1	18
May 2019	7	4	0	11
Jun 2019	9	9	0	18
Jul 2019	7	7	1	15
Aug 2019	5	11	0	16
Sep 2019	5	4	1	10
Oct 2019	4	6	0	10
Nov 2019	3	11	0	14
Dec 2019	7	4	2	13
Jan 2020	9	3	2	14
Feb 2020	12	9	1	22
Mar 2020	13	9	1	23
Apr 2020	9	6	0	15
May 2020	13	4	1	18
Jun 2020	32	11	2	45
Jul 2020	39	33	30	102
Aug 2020	6	10	3	19
Sep 2020	4	8	0	12
Oct 2020	9	8	0	17
Nov 2020	10	7	1	18
Dec 2020	17	7	0	24
Jan 2021	13	10	0	23
Feb 2021	11	2	0	13
Mar 2021	11	10	0	21
Apr 2021	7	5	0	12
May 2021	8	12	0	20
Jun 2021	6	14	0	20
Jul 2021	7	13	0	20
Aug 2021	8	4	0	12
Sep 2021	19	12	0	31
Oct 2021	5	22	1	28
Nov 2021	24	27	6	57
Dec 2021	11	11	1	23
Jan 2022	7	11	1	19
Feb 2022	10	6	3	19
Mar 2022	7	6	2	15
Apr 2022	8	11	0	19
May 2022	2	3	1	6
Jun 2022	5	9	1	15
Jul 2022	4	5	0	9
Aug 2022	11	4	1	16
Sep 2022	8	5	2	15
Oct 2022	9	4	2	15
Nov 2022	12	6	0	18
Dec 2022	8	5	1	14
Jan 2023	5	5	1	11
Feb 2023	10	4	0	14
Mar 2023	8	1	9
Apr 2023	18	1	0	19
May 2023	17	6	1	24
Jun 2023	6	6	1	13
Jul 2023	3	6	0	9
Aug 2023	3	2	1	6
Sep 2023	3	4	1	8
Oct 2023	10	5	3	18
Nov 2023	1	1	0	2
Dec 2023	13	5	2	20
Jan 2024	5	2	0	7
Feb 2024	1	5	0	6
Mar 2024	2	5	0	7
Apr 2024	12	8	2	22
May 2024	10	8	4	22
Jun 2024	10	5	3	18
Jul 2024	14	7	1	22
Aug 2024	9	1	3	13
Sep 2024	16	6	3	25
Oct 2024	8	9	4	21
Nov 2024	6	4	0	10
Dec 2024	8	17	2	27
Jan 2025	7	7	1	15
Feb 2025	14	12	0	26
Mar 2025	16	13	4	33
Apr 2025	7	5	1	13
May 2025	10	8	1	19
Jun 2025	38	15	0	53
Jul 2025	17	13	2	32
Aug 2025	23	11	2	36
Sep 2025	33	11	3	47
Oct 2025	26	24	2	52
Nov 2025	40	14	1	55
Dec 2025	15	16	2	33

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 12 Jun 2017)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2017	134	35	8	177
Jul 2017	21	13	0	34
Aug 2017	34	18	2	54
Sep 2017	29	11	2	42
Oct 2017	34	11	1	46
Nov 2017	49	17	3	69
Dec 2017	40	12	1	53
Jan 2018	14	14	2	30
Feb 2018	22	10	4	36
Mar 2018	4	8	0	12
Apr 2018	7	7	1	15
May 2018	9	14	1	24
Jun 2018	8	17	0	25
Jul 2018	8	8	0	16
Aug 2018	10	8	0	18
Sep 2018	13	8	0	21
Oct 2018	9	12	0	21
Nov 2018	15	11	0	26
Dec 2018	13	12	2	27
Jan 2019	12	8	0	20
Feb 2019	13	5	1	19
Mar 2019	8	9	2	19
Apr 2019	8	9	1	18
May 2019	7	4	0	11
Jun 2019	9	9	0	18
Jul 2019	7	7	1	15
Aug 2019	5	11	0	16
Sep 2019	5	4	1	10
Oct 2019	4	6	0	10
Nov 2019	3	11	0	14
Dec 2019	7	4	2	13
Jan 2020	9	3	2	14
Feb 2020	12	9	1	22
Mar 2020	13	9	1	23
Apr 2020	9	6	0	15
May 2020	13	4	1	18
Jun 2020	32	11	2	45
Jul 2020	39	33	30	102
Aug 2020	6	10	3	19
Sep 2020	4	8	0	12
Oct 2020	9	8	0	17
Nov 2020	10	7	1	18
Dec 2020	17	7	0	24
Jan 2021	13	10	0	23
Feb 2021	11	2	0	13
Mar 2021	11	10	0	21
Apr 2021	7	5	0	12
May 2021	8	12	0	20
Jun 2021	6	14	0	20
Jul 2021	7	13	0	20
Aug 2021	8	4	0	12
Sep 2021	19	12	0	31
Oct 2021	5	22	1	28
Nov 2021	24	27	6	57
Dec 2021	11	11	1	23
Jan 2022	7	11	1	19
Feb 2022	10	6	3	19
Mar 2022	7	6	2	15
Apr 2022	8	11	0	19
May 2022	2	3	1	6
Jun 2022	5	9	1	15
Jul 2022	4	5	0	9
Aug 2022	11	4	1	16
Sep 2022	8	5	2	15
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Nov 2022	12	6	0	18
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Feb 2023	10	4	0	14
Mar 2023	8	1	9
Apr 2023	18	1	0	19
May 2023	17	6	1	24
Jun 2023	6	6	1	13
Jul 2023	3	6	0	9
Aug 2023	3	2	1	6
Sep 2023	3	4	1	8
Oct 2023	10	5	3	18
Nov 2023	1	1	0	2
Dec 2023	13	5	2	20
Jan 2024	5	2	0	7
Feb 2024	1	5	0	6
Mar 2024	2	5	0	7
Apr 2024	12	8	2	22
May 2024	10	8	4	22
Jun 2024	10	5	3	18
Jul 2024	14	7	1	22
Aug 2024	9	1	3	13
Sep 2024	16	6	3	25
Oct 2024	8	9	4	21
Nov 2024	6	4	0	10
Dec 2024	8	17	2	27
Jan 2025	7	7	1	15
Feb 2025	14	12	0	26
Mar 2025	16	13	4	33
Apr 2025	7	5	1	13
May 2025	10	8	1	19
Jun 2025	38	15	0	53
Jul 2025	17	13	2	32
Aug 2025	23	11	2	36
Sep 2025	33	11	3	47
Oct 2025	26	24	2	52
Nov 2025	40	14	1	55
Dec 2025	15	16	2	33

Latest update: 20 Dec 2025

Short summary

An analysis is given of the account of a globe of fire observed in Zafra (Spain) in the middle of the 16th century. During a strong storm, Conde Don Pedro observed what he described as a globe of fire that was directed against the city and abruptly changed course. He attributed the change in course to a miracle. He described neither any damage nor sound.