Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-17-13-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-17-13-2026
Article
 | 
06 Feb 2026
Article |  | 06 Feb 2026

The first decade (1929–1939) of atmospheric electricity observations at Świder Geophysical Observatory

Anna Odzimek

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Diurnal, seasonal, and annual variations of the fair-weather atmospheric potential gradient and effects of reduced number concentration of condensation nuclei on potential gradient and air conductivity from long-term atmospheric electricity measurements at Świder, Poland
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Cited articles

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Benndorf, H.: Über ein mechanisch registrierendes Elektrometer für luftelektrische Messungen, Phys. Z., 7, 98–101, https://zdb-katalog.de/title.xhtml?idn=014205130&view=full (last access: 7 December 2025), 1906. a, b, c, d
Brown, L.: Centennial History of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Volume II: The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521830799, 2005. a
Chodkowska, A.: Materiały Rodziny Kalinowskich, Biuletyn Archiwum PAN, 52, 72–125, 2011. a, b, c, d
Czyszek, W.: Der mittlere tägliche Gang des luftelektrischen Potentialgradienten an ungestörten Tagen in Świder, Acta Geophys. Polon., 2, 149–155, 1954. a
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Short summary
In October 1929, measurements of the atmospheric potential gradient began to be routinely recorded at the Magnetic Observatory in Świder. There was a disruption and loss of the results of these measurements during World War II but the experience shaped the future of the observatory.
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