History of Geo- and Space Sciences
History of Geo- and Space Sciences
History of Geo- and Space Sciences
Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-15-27-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-15-27-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
Article
 | 
08 Jul 2024
Article |  | 08 Jul 2024

Conjugate aurora observations by the Gjøa and Discovery expeditions

Alv Egeland

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Short summary
During the Gjøa and Discovery expeditions (1901–1906), weak geomagnetic signatures were observed simultaneously with visual polar cap auroras.  Main types are transpolar arcs, poleward-moving substorm arcs, and Sun-aligned arcs.  The first two are infrequent, while the last one occurs often. They appear like the regular magnetic solar Sq variation.  It is suggested that they are embedded in polar rain and dependent on the density and energy of photoelectrons.
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