We investigated characteristics of magnetic anomalies over southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana) and Germany on different scales and also compared them to gravity gradient anomalies. Such anomalies provide information relevant to understanding geological and tectonic structures. Our results indicate a better agreement between anomalies caused by shallow and deeper structures in the southern African area than in the German area.

This study of crustal monthly biases' temporal evolution at 42 geomagnetic observatories over 9 years of the CHAMP satellite mission reveals short-period variations and long-term trends in the bias time series, signature of the induced magnetic fields, annual trends in most bias series, distinct oscillatory pattern over the whole time span, and semi-annual variations in all components. Swarm mission data and analysis of these findings will allow a better understanding of crustal bias evolution.